FIN.

FCA tests AI large language models on consumer guidance

The FCA has published a research note�on the effectiveness of large language models (LLMs) like OpenAI’s GPT series in consumer-facing financial services.
The research conducted two pilot projects: asking GPT models to generate simplified definitions of complex financial terms, tailored to specific reading ages and supported by examples; and comparing the effectiveness of consumer guidance on cash savings queries generated by LLMs with responses under a traditional website FAQ format.
The key findings were as follows:

While LLMs have strong potential to simplify complex information, enhance readability and accessibility, validating their outputs requires a robust evaluation framework that combines human judgment with automation.
LLM effectiveness is dependent on context – outcomes like user comprehension and engagement were influenced by how the model was embedded within the customer journey, including design and delivery.
There is a strong appetite for AI-drive assistance, with many users responding positively to automated support.

The FCA has also published an engagement paper which outlines proposals for live AI model testing pilots.

FCA to check and update requirements, limitations and directions

The FCA has found that some of its data on the 11,000 requirements, directions or limitations that it currently applies to over 9,000 firms is out of date or has been superseded by new content. It is looking to review and update all these issues as appropriate. It plans just to make any small changes that don’t affect what a firm can or can’t do, but to contact firms to discuss any larger, more substantive changes it thinks necessary. Firms do not currently need to take any action unless the FCA contacts them.� The FCA is looking to make the changes over the next few months, so firms may see changes to the information on the Register.

FCA apologises over mini-bond firms

The FCA has apologised to investors in 2 firms that issued mini-bonds. Basset & Gold plc and Basset & Gold Ltd were appointed representatives of three regulated firms and went out of business in 2022 and 2021...

UK Finance says over £1bn stolen in 2024

UK Finance has published its annual fraud report for 2024. Headlines include: its members reported £1.17bn stolen through authorised and unauthorised fraud, roughly the same as the previous year; 3.13m confirmed cases...

FCA speaks on rebalancing risk

Dominic Holland, director of market oversight at the FCA, has spoken on how the FCA is working to rebalance risk to spur growth, but not at the expense of consumer protection. His speech, to corporate treasurers...

FCA bans former Credit Suisse VP

The FCA has banned former Credit Suisse Vice President Detelina Subeva for lacking integrity. This is the third ban on former Credit Suisse staff following their roles in conspiracy to commit money laundering, which...

PRA consults on Pillar 2A review

The PRA is consulting on Phase 1 of its Pillar 2A capital review. The paper focuses on how the PRA will address the consequential impacts of the near-final PRA rules implementing Basel 3.1, and also includes proposals to improve information, guidance and transparency for firms. Other proposed changes look to� improve the proportionality of regulation.
The changes address:

credit risk
operational risk
pension obligation risk and
market and counterparty credit risk.

Consultation closes on 5 September.

FCA publishes last quarter operating metrics

The FCA’s operating metrics from the quarter to end March 2025 shows 13 green, 3 amber and just one red – which was due to just one application (an MLD5 registration) being determined after the statutory deadline. 348...

PRA updates approach to international bank supervision

The PRA has updated its SS5/21 and published a policy statement on business within branches of international banks that operate in the UK, and on what it expects from those entities in terms of booking models and liquidity reporting.
It says it has updated its approach to keep its open approach to international banking, while maintaining safety of the UK system. It has increased the thresholds around FSCS-covered deposits by 30% but has also introduced a new indicative threshold of �300m of total retail and small business instant access deposits above which it would expect the bank to have a UK subsidiary rather than a branch. The PRA has made this, and a few other, changes, partly in response to lessons learnt from the Silicon Valley Bank collapse.

Treasury publishes BNPL legislation

The Government has finally published its response to its consultations on regulation of buy-now-pay-later products and services and laid the necessary legislation before Parliament.
The Government had already decided that the BNPL products that should no longer benefit from the article 60F(2) RAO exemption would be those offered by third-party providers – so that those offered by merchants would continue to benefit so long as the products met the conditions of the article. It subsequently consulted on the draft legislation it had drafted to achieve the changes.
However, in response to the draft consultation, it received many representations that allowing merchants to carry on using the exemption created an unlevel playing field, and particularly expressing concerns that large tech and e-commerce platforms would start offering BNPL agreements on a similar scale to third-party lenders. The Government acknowledges this risk but says it is important that low-risk everyday transactions should continue to be within the exemption.� It will monitor developments and respond it if sees any significant change or potential consumer harm.
The Government also intends to proceed with its proposals:

to disapply the CCA information disclosure requirements to BNPL products, so that the FCA can draft its own bespoke rules;
to retain the possibility for the court to make time orders where appropriate; and
to exempt most merchants from the need to become authorised credit brokers in order to promote BNPL products; and
urgently to put in place a temporary permissions regime for firms needing authorisation.

Once the enabling legislation is made, the FCA will then have 12 months to draft, consult on and finalise its rules, and regulation will start from mid-2026. The FCA will consult soon on its rules and will, in its consultation, set out its timescales.

Government consults on CCA reform

The Government is consulting on how it will take forward reform of the CCA. It has decided to split the reform into 2 phases. The first phase covers information requirements, sanctions and criminal offences. on...

NextCrowd enters administration

Business Agent Limited, trading as NextCrowd and NextFin, has entered administration. The FCA had placed restrictions on the company in July 2024 following significant regulatory breaches. Louise Longley and Julian...

FCA publishes 2024 Financial Lives survey

The FCA has published findings from its 2024 Financial Lives survey. Key findings from the latest report include: 1 in 10 people have no cash savings at all, and another 21% have less than £1,000 to draw on in an...

HM Treasury launches PISCES Sandbox to boost capital markets

HM Treasury has announced the launch of the Private Intermittent Securities and Capital Exchange System Sandbox (PISCES).� This initiative aims to support new and emerging companies to raise capital and scale up while strengthening the UK’s capital markets.
The Financial Services and Markets Act 2023 (Private Intermittent Securities and Capital Exchange System Sandbox) Regulations 2025, set the legal framework for PISCES.� The Regulations were made on 14 May 2025 and were laid before Parliament on 15 May 2025.� They are scheduled to come into force on 5 June 2025.� This meets the Chancellor’s Mansion House commitment to set up PISCES before the end of May and it expects trading to start in the Autumn.
Alongside the announcement HM Treasury confirmed it will legislate in the next Finance Bill to allow employers, with employee permission, to amend existing enterprise management incentive and company share option plans to include a PISCES trading event as an exercisable event, without losing tax advantages, and exempt PISCES transactions from Stamp Taxes on Shares.� This will make PISCES more appealing and encourage a greater number of businesses to use the platform.
The FCA has been designated as the regulator for the sandbox.� It is mandated to assess applications from eligible operators, impose conditions to ensure transparent trading, enforce robust disclosure requirements, and monitor market practices to prevent abuse.� The FCA will publish its rules soon after the legislation comes into force and will then accept applications to operate PISCES trading events.

Government makes PISCES legislation

The Government has laid the Financial Services and Markets Act 2023 (Private Intermittent Securities and Capital Exchange System Sandbox) Regulations 2025, the Regulations which set the legal framework for PISCES. This...

FCA consults on insurance rule simplification

The FCA is consulting on its promised plans to disapply its insurance conduct rules to dealings with large commercial customers and strip out other unnecessary requirements. In its wide ranging consultation the FCA...

FCA speaks on UK-China partnership

Ashley Alder has spoken of his optimism that financial cooperation between the UK and China is on the rise following the success of January’s UK-China Economic and Financial Dialogue. He highlighted the UK’s...

FCA updates on whistleblowing data

The FCA has published its whistleblowing data for Q1 2025. Levels of reporting remain fairly consistent, with 281 reports coming in (with 752 allegations in total). Most of the reports were made online, and in 64% of cases the whistleblower shared their identity.� Over a quarter of the allegations related to compliance, closely followed by fitness and propriety.
During the period, the FCA closed 468 reports, taking significant action to manage harm in only 2.6% of cases but contacting the firm to request action or information in 41%.

BVCA reports large increase in venture capital funding

The BVCA reports that venture capital funds managed from the UK reached �4bn in 2024 – almost double that of 2023, and returning to previous levels. 2024 also saw a rise in venture capital funds raising capital to 48.
The UK is still the top source for venture capital funding in 2024, comprising 25% of total value raised.
Pension fund commitments to venture capital showed little progress, however, with the most significant commitments coming from overseas funds, mainly from the US. The promised investment from UK DC schemes has not yet started to happen.

FCA speaks on mortgage reform

Emad Aladhal, FCA director of retail banking, spoke of the challenges people face in getting onto the mortgage ladder. He discussed the FCA’s priority of making the mortgage market more accessible while keeping it safe and resilient.
He discussed the importance of being able to get a mortgage – especially because average mortgage payments are currently 20% lower than rental costs, and renting in retirement could cost �400,000 more than owning a home.
He also said the markets and regulation need to support existing borrowers, especially as lending into later life is becoming the norm.
Speaking to the Building Societies Association, he said the reforms the FCA is looking to deliver will take a collective effort between lenders, regulators, Government, developers and others.

FCA updates AR data

The FCA has updated its website with details on the appointed representatives population and activity. There are currently around 34,000 active ARs and around 2,500 principals – both figures showing a slight...

BoE speaks on digitalisation

Sarah Breedon has spoken on the importance of interoperability in an increasingly digitalised environment. She said the BoE is aware that developments in digital money and assets risk new systems emerging in what she...

FOS publishes half yearly complaints data

The FOS has published its complaints data for the period July to December 2024. Key statistics include: an increase of nearly 50% in new complaints compared to the same period in 2023 (141,000 new complaints) –...

FCA publishes latest Handbook Notice

The FCA has published its latest Handbook Notice, which confirms updates relating to its new rules on the derivatives trading obligation (DTO) and post-trade risk reduction services. The FCA has made updates to the...

Committee hears evidence on finfluencers

On 30 April 2025, the Treasury Committee heard evidence from the FCA as part of an inquiry on finfluencers. Steve Smart, Joint Executive Director for Enforcement and Market Oversight, and Lucy Casteldine, Director of...

PSR publishes annual plan and budget

The PSR has published its annual plan and budget for 2025/26, highlighting its work in the coming year as it approaches consolidation with the FCA. In the meantime, the PSR retains its remit and powers pending...

Updated RTGS service goes live

The BoE’s updated RTGS service – RT2 – went live on 28 April 2025. RT2 is set to support the BoE’s strategic objectives for RTGS and CHAPS, and to drive innovation and competition in wholesale...

UK Finance updates financial abuse code

UK Finance has published the third version of its Financial Abuse Code, which is designed to increase understanding amongst firms of how to identify signs of economic abuse suffered by their customers, and provides...

FCA speaks on market abuse

Therese Chambers, FCA joint executive director of enforcement and market oversight – has delivered a speech on the FCA’s agenda for combatting market abuse, at the City and Financial Global Market Abuse and...

FCA updates skilled persons stats

The FCA has published details of the number of skilled persons reports commissioned in the quarter to end March 2025.� Of the 7 commissioned, 6 related to consumer investments. In terms of topic, there was a spread between conduct of business, controls and risk management frameworks, governance and financial resources.

New FCA Board members

HM Treasury and the FCA have confirmed that Julia Black, Anita Kimber, John Ball and Stephane Malrait have joined the FCA Board as NEDs, and that Richard Lloyd will serve an additional 1 year term.

FCA asks for views on live AI testing plans

The FCA is asking for views on AI Live Testing which it plans to launch as part of its AI Lab, to support firms’ safe and responsible deployment of AI. Its Engagement Paper asks particularly for views on: the...

FCA updates complaints stats

The FCA has updated its complaints data for H2 2024. Based on aggregate data; there was a slight decrease in complaints from H1; overall, complaints numbers have been relatively steady for the past 4 years; all products...

FCA speaks on digital asset regulation

Jessica Rusu – FCA Chief Data, Information and Intelligence Officer – has delivered a speech on global responses to digital asset regulation at TheCityUK International Conference 2025. Rusu highlighted the...

SFO gives corporate co-operation guidance

The SFO has published guidance for corporates setting out the factors it considers when deciding whether to charge corporates with criminal offences or invite them to negotiate a deferred prosecution. The key message is...

FCA publishes AI sprint summary

The FCA has published a summary of the AI sprint it held in January, which had 115 participants. 4 common themes came out of the event: that firms need clarity from the FCA on how regulatory frameworks apply to AI; the...

PRA consults on MiFID Org Reg restatement

The PRA is consulting on how it will subsume the requirements of the MiFID Org Reg assimilated law into its Rulebook before the law itself is repealed.  It is not planning to impose any new requirements on firms as a...

PSR explores changes in the payments landscape

The PSR has considered changes in the payments landscape from consumer, merchant and industry perspectives. For consumers, the PSR notes growth in digital payments and digital wallets technology. Cards remain the most...

UK Finance feeds back on use of AI

UK Finance has responded to the Treasury Committee call for evidence on use of AI in financial services.  The response highlights: that adoption of AI varies significantly across financial services, but most...

API enters special administration

Blackthorn Finance Ltd, an authorised payment institution, has entered special administration. The FCA had imposed restrictions and an asset requirement on the firm in late 2023 and the firm had entered members...